PSYCHOLOGY (ELECTIVE), BA / B.Sc Syllabus Sargodha University

PSYCHOLOGY (ELECTIVE)

COURSE OUT LINE FOR B.A. / B.Sc. PSYCHOLOGY

Following courses of reading in the subject of Psychology for the B.A. / B.Sc. classes are hereby recommended by the board of studies.

OBJECTIVES:

1. To give a representative survey of modern scientific psychology
2. To help students develop insight into their own psychological processes and those of others.
3. To provide research projects to learn the science of Psychology.
4. To prepare the students for M.Sc in the subject of Psychology.

OUTLINES OF TESTS

Paper – A	General Psychology	75 Marks
Paper – B	Abnormal/Social/Industrial & Criminal Psychology	75 Marks
Paper – C	Experimental Psychology and Statistics	50 Marks

DETAILS OF COURSES OF READINGS

PAPER-A

GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY

75 Marks

1)         INTRODUCTION

• Historical background of modern Psychology
• Brief introduction to structuralism; Functionalism; Behaviorism; Psycho-analysis; and Cognitive Schools of Thought.

2)         METHODS IN PSYCHOLOGY

1. Nature – Detailed Discussion of

• Survey Method
• Daybook Method
• Biographic Method
• Clinical Method
• Field Study Method
• Experimental Method

3)         LEARNING

• Definition
• Types of Learning:

(i) Trial and Error; (ii) Observational Learning

(iii) Conditioning; (iv) Insight Learning

• Factors Influencing Learning; Method of Study of Learning; Efficiency and Economy in learning.
• Transfer of Learning & its types factors influencing learning.

4)         PERCEPTION

• Definition
• Types of Perception:

(i) Object / Form Perception; (ii) Depth and Space Perception

(iii) Perception of Movement  (iv) Perception of Time

• Role of Constancy in Perception

(Size Constancy; Brightness Constancy; Shape Constancy)

• ILLUSION

 i. Nature and types of illusions

ii. The unidentified flying objects (U.F.O’s) and illusion – The Auto-kinetic effect

5)         MEMORY

• Definition, Kinds
• Major Theories of Memory
• Measurement of Memory
• Memory Disorders

6)         THINKING

                (i)  Nature; Image, Idea, Imagination and Ideation

                (ii)  Types of Thinking

1. 1. 1. Artistic
      2. Problem Solving
      3. Reasoning
      4. Creative Thinking

(iii) Formation of Concepts, Types of Concepts, Tools of Thinking

7)         BASIC OF NEUROSCIENCE AND BEHAVIOR

                (i)            Neurons – Nerve impulse; Synaptic Transmission

                (ii)           Nervous System:

                                Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System

                (iii)          The Endocrine Gland System

8)         SENSORY PROCESSES

            Nature and Characteristics of Sensation

(i)  Structure and Function of human eye, Light perception;Rods and Cones; Pathways to Brain Dark adaptation; Colour vision

(ii)  Structure and function of human ear; Characteristics of sound, Locating sound

9)         BASICS OF GENETICS

(i)    Biochemistry of Genes

(ii)   Structure and Functions of Chromosomes; Mutation; Down’s syndrome; Amniocentance

 (iii) Mechanism of Heredity

10)        EMOTIONS

 (i)  Nature

(ii) Verbal and Non-verbal; Communications of Emotions

(iii) Bodily and Physiological Change in Emotions With reference to Adren land

(iv) Major Theories of Emotions

(v) Measurement of Emotions

11)        MOTIVATION

• Need, Drive, Incentive, Motive
• Classification of Motives (Biological, Secondary)
• Motivation for Work
• Strength and Measurement of Motives

PAPER-B

ABNORMAL/SOCIAL/INDUSTRIAL AND CRIMINAL PSYCHOLOGY

75 Marks

1)         FRUSTRATION

• Nature and Types
• Reactions of Frustration (Defense Mechanisms)
• Psychological Disorders
• • Psychoneuroses, Etiology, Symptomotology, Kinds given in DSM IV.
  • Psychosis, Etiology, Symptomotology, Kinds given in DSM IV.

2)         MENTAL HEALTH MOVEMENT

• The early views and the development of modern concept of Mental Health.
• Contributions of Muslim Scholars to Mental Health Movement.

3)         PSYCHOTHERAPY

                (a)  Introduction:

                                (i)            Psychoanalysis

                                (ii)           Behaviour Therapy

                                (iii)          Roger’s Therapy

                                (iv)          Reading Therapy

• Psychodrama
• Hypnosis

4)         PERSONALITY

(i)  Defining Personality

 (ii) Theories of Personality (Freud, Jung, Adler and Rogers)

(iii) Measurement of Personality (Brief introduction to important Projective and Objective Tests of Personality)

5)         INTELLIGENCE

                                (i)            The History of Intelligence Testing, IQ Concepts

                                (ii)           Theories of Intelligence (Brief introduction of

                                                Spearman’s; Thurston’s and Guilford’s Theories

                                (iii)          Classification of Intelligence

                                (iv)          Measurements of Intelligence

6)         SOCIAL BEHAVIOURS

(i)   Group Dynamics (Structure of the Group, Norms, Roles); Conformity; Factors influencing conformity

(ii)  Attitudes; Nature, Formation and Measurement of Attitudes.

(iii) Prejudice and Discrimination

(iv) Public Opinion and Propaganda

7)         LABOUR MANAGEMENT AND CONSUMER’S BEHAVIOR

                                (i)            Selection of Personnel

                                (ii)           Relationship of Labour and Management

                                (iii)          Morale and Productivity in Industry

                                (iv)          Accidents, Strikes, Lockout

                                (v)           Advertising and Salesmanship

8)         CRIMINAL AND CORRECTIONAL PSYCHOLOGY

                                (i)            Classification of Criminals

                                (ii)           Theories of Criminal Behaviors

                                (iii)          Psychological Causes of Crime and their Control

PAPER-C

Experimental PSYCHOLOGY AND STATISTICS

50 Marks

1)         STATISTICS

•  Graphical representation of Polygon, Histogram & Frequency Curve
• Measurement of Central Tendency (Mean, Mode and Median)
• Standard Deviation
• Correlation

2)         PRACTICALS

1.     Survey Report
2. Experiments:

                                (i)            Free association (with analysis and classification)

                                (ii)           Mirror Drawing (Bilateral) Transfer of Learning

                                (iii)          Maze Learning

                                (iv)          Memory (Recall Method, Memory Changes)

                                (v)           Psychophysical Method (Muller Lyer Illusion)

                                (vi)          Galton’s Questionnaire.

DETAILS OF MARKS

 Practical Note Book        = 08

Viva                                     = 05

Survey Report                   = 07

Practical                             = 15

Statistics                             = 15

  Total                              = 50

 BOOKS RECOMMENDED

1. Psychology and Introduction 6^th Edition by Jerome Kagan, Julius, Segal
2. Psychology and Life 7^th Edition by F.L. Ruch
3. Psychology and Life 8^th Edition by F.L. Ruch
4. Psychology and Life 14^th Edition by Zimbardo, P.G.
5. Reading Therapy by Dr. S. Azhar Ali Rizvi
6. Psychology International Edition 4^th Edition by Camille B. Wortman Elibeth F. Loftus.
7. Psychology III Edition by Douglas A Bernstein and other,
8. Understanding Psychology IV Edition by Robert S. Feldman.